India is making waves beneath the ocean surface as it pushes forward with two pathbreaking submarine projects that will revolutionize its naval power and strategic deterrence in the Indian Ocean Region.
Project-77: India’s First Indigenous Nuclear Attack Submarines
Approved by the Cabinet Committee on Security in 2024, Project-77 aims to deliver six state-of-the-art nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) built indigenously by the mid-2030s.
These submarines will be equipped with advanced reactors developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, offering stealth, speed over 30 knots, and long endurance to stay submerged for months.
A game-changer in undersea warfare, Project-77 submarines will integrate manned-unmanned synergy, deploying sophisticated unmanned underwater vehicles like the JALKAPI-XLUUV to extend their reach and operational capabilities.
This marks a significant leap in India’s quest for self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, with over 95% indigenous content coming from Indian labs and industry.
Project-76: The Next Generation Conventional Diesel-Electric Submarines
Under Project-76, the Indian Navy plans to build 12 advanced conventional submarines featuring air-independent propulsion (AIP) technology and next-gen indigenous weapons and sensors.
The Warship Design Bureau and private sector leader Larsen & Toubro are collaborating to finalize designs, with the goal of achieving true self-reliance in submarine manufacturing.
These submarines will succeed the ageing Sindhughosh-class, boasting stealth features, improved endurance, lithium-ion batteries, and cutting-edge weapon control systems.
Construction of prototypes is expected to begin by 2030, with operational submarines entering service by 2037, fortifying India’s underwater reach.
Why These Projects Matter
Together, Project-77 and Project-76 will transform India into a true underwater power, capable of protecting sea lanes, deterring aggression, and maintaining a strategic edge over regional adversaries.
The development emphasizes domestic innovation and industrial capability, reducing reliance on foreign suppliers amid a complex geopolitical environment.
These submarines will equip India to dominate the Indian Ocean and beyond, ensuring maritime security for decades to come.
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